Tue, Jun 3, 2025
[Archive]
.png)
Volume 8, Issue 4 (12-2022)
jhehp 2022, 8(4): 181-185 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Rezaeigolestani M, Dabbagh Moghaddam A, Misaghi A, Hashemi M. Evaluation of Aflatoxins Levels in Nuts in Selected Military-owned Chain Stores in Tehran, Iran. jhehp 2022; 8 (4) :181-185
URL: http://jhehp.zums.ac.ir/article-1-542-en.html
URL: http://jhehp.zums.ac.ir/article-1-542-en.html
1- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
2- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
4- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azady Square, University campus, Mashhad, Iran.
2- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
4- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azady Square, University campus, Mashhad, Iran.
Abstract: (3589 Views)
Background: Aflatoxins are classified as definitive or possible human carcinogens. Nuts and nutty products are among the most frequent aflatoxin-contaminated foodstuffs. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2, total) in different nuts, including pistachio, almond, cashew, hazelnut obtained from selected supermarket chains in Tehran city.
Methods: A total of 20 nut samples were collected from eight randomly selected chain stores, and the levels of aflatoxins in the samples were evaluated using an immunoaffinity column and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography technique (HPLC).
Results: Among 20 tested nuts, only one sample (roasted hazelnut) was contaminated with the aflatoxins (AG1) at a level of 0.34 µg/kg, while the tested mycotoxins were not detected in the other samples.
Conclusion: Our findings indicated that different parameters such as climatic conditions, implementing strict regulations, improvement in harvest and post-harvest practices alongside rigorous surveillance by the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (AJA University of Medical Sciences) on the quality of food materials may explain the low incidence of aflatoxins in this study.
Methods: A total of 20 nut samples were collected from eight randomly selected chain stores, and the levels of aflatoxins in the samples were evaluated using an immunoaffinity column and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography technique (HPLC).
Results: Among 20 tested nuts, only one sample (roasted hazelnut) was contaminated with the aflatoxins (AG1) at a level of 0.34 µg/kg, while the tested mycotoxins were not detected in the other samples.
Conclusion: Our findings indicated that different parameters such as climatic conditions, implementing strict regulations, improvement in harvest and post-harvest practices alongside rigorous surveillance by the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (AJA University of Medical Sciences) on the quality of food materials may explain the low incidence of aflatoxins in this study.
Keywords: Aflatoxin, Nut, Iran, HPLC, Chain store
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
Food Safety and Hygiene
Received: 2022/09/24 | Accepted: 2022/11/10 | Published: 2022/12/11
Received: 2022/09/24 | Accepted: 2022/11/10 | Published: 2022/12/11
References
1. Farah Nadira A, Rosita J, Norhaizan ME, Mohd Redzwan S. Screening of Aflatoxin M1occurrence in Selected Milk and Dairy Products in Terengganu, Malaysia. Food Control [Internet]. 2017; 73: 209-14. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.08.004. [Crossref]
2. Cole RJ, Cox RH. 1-The Aflatoxins. Handbook of Toxic Fungal Metabolites [Internet]. 1981: 1-66. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780121797607500061. [Crossref]
3. Benkerroum N. Chronic and Acute Toxicities of Aflatoxins: Mechanisms of Action. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Jan 8; 17(2): 423. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31936320. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
4. Gholami-Shabani M, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. Aflatoxins and Aflatoxigenic Fungi in Iran: A Systematic Review of the Past, Present, and Future. Mycol Iran [Internet]. 2017; 4(2): 65-84. Available from: https://mij.areeo.ac.ir/article-116760.html. [Google Scholar]
5. JECFA. The Safety Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants: Aflatoxins. The Forty-Ninth Meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Series No. 40. Geneva, Switzerland. 1998: 259-469. [Google Scholar]
6. IARC. International Agency for Research on Cancer Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans/World Health Organization. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2012: 9-562.
7. Ismail A, Gonçalves BL, de Neeff DV, Ponzilacqua B, Coppa CFSC, Hintzsche H, et al. Aflatoxin in Foodstuffs: Occurrence and Recent Advances in Decontamination. Food Res Int. 2018; 113: 74-85. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
8. Chun HS, Kim HJ, Ok HE, Hwang JB, Chung DH. Determination of Aflatoxin Levels in Nuts and their Products Consumed in South Korea. Food Chem. 2007; 102(1): 385-91. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
9. ISIRI. Food & Feed-Mycotoxins-Maximum Tolerated Level. National Standard No. 5925. Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Karaj, Iran. 2001.
10. Ministry of Agriculture. Iran’s Annual Nut Production Tops 1m Tons [Internet]. Financial Tribune. 2023. Available from: https://financialtribune.com/articles/economy-domestic-economy/60857/iran-s-annual-nut-production-tops-1m-tons#:~:text=“Per capita nut consumption in,quoted as saying by Eranico.
11. ISIRI. Foods-Nuts Sampling for Aflatoxins. National Standard No. 13534. Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Karaj, Iran. 2010.
12. FSA. Sampling Advice: Mycotoxins in Foodstuffs. 2007: 24.
13. ISIRI. Food & Feed-Measurment of Aflatoxins B and G by HPLC Method. Iranian National Standard No. 6872. Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Karaj, Iran. 2011.
14. Mazaheri M. Determination of Aflatoxins in Imported Rice to Iran. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009; 47(8): 2064-6. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
15. Hedayati MT, Mahdavi Omran S, Soleymani A, Taghizadeh Armaki M. Aflatoxins in Food Products in Iran: A Review of the Literature. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2016; 9(7): 1-8. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
16. Cheraghali AM, Yazdanpanah H, Doraki N, Abouhossain G, Hassibi M, Ali-abadi S, et al. Incidence of Aflatoxins in Iran Pistachio Nuts. Food Chem Toxicol [Internet]. 2007; 45(5): 812-6. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691506003188. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
17. Dini A, Khazaeli P, Roohbakhsh A, Madadlou A, Pourenamdari M. Aflatoxin Contamination Level in Iran’s Pistachio Nut During Years 2009 e 2011. 2013; 30: 2009-13. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
18. Reza SSM, Masoud A, Ali T, Faranak G, Mahboob N. Determination of Aflatoxins in Nuts of Tabriz Confectionaries by ELISA and HPLC Methods. Adv Pharm Bull. 2012; 2(1): 123-6. [Google Scholar]
19. Ismail A, Riaz M, Akhtar S, Yoo SH, Park S, Abid M, et al. Seasonal Variation of Aflatoxin B1 Content in Dairy Feed. J Anim Feed Sci [Internet]. 2017; 26(1): 33-7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.22358/jafs/69008/2017. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
20. Rustom IYS. Aflatoxin in Food and Feed: Occurrence, Legislation and Inactivation by Physical Methods. Food Chem [Internet]. 1997; 59(1): 57-67. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814696000969. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
21. Leong YH, Ismail N, Latif AA, Ahmad R. Aflatoxin Occurrence in Nuts and Commercial Nutty Products in Malaysia. Food Control [Internet]. 2010; 21(3): 334-8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.06.002. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
22. Weatheronline. Iran Weather [Internet]. 2019. Available from: https://www.weatheronline.co.uk/reports/climate/Iran.htm.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
© 2024 The Author(s)
