Sun, May 25, 2025
[Archive]
.png)
Volume 8, Issue 3 (9-2022)
jhehp 2022, 8(3): 154-160 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Rafiee M, Yazdanbakhsh A, Hatami H, Jalilvand H. Investigating Perchlorate Concentration in Drinking Water and its Relationship with the Frequency of Hypothyroidism Among Infants in Damavand City. jhehp 2022; 8 (3) :154-160
URL: http://jhehp.zums.ac.ir/article-1-532-en.html
URL: http://jhehp.zums.ac.ir/article-1-532-en.html
1- Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2- Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Professor, Head of MPH Department, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4- MPH Student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2- Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Professor, Head of MPH Department, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4- MPH Student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract: (3628 Views)
Background: The newfound pollutant perchlorate, with global distribution, long-term stability in the environment, and solubility in water, is the most crucial health threat of the present era by causing changes in the level of thyroid hormones. Perchlorate enters the body by drinking water or contaminated food with perchlorate. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has provided a guideline of 15 μg/L in drinking water. This study aims to determine the relationship between the concentration of perchlorate in drinking water and the frequency of hypothyroidism in newborns.
Methods: 238 samples were collected from the water supply network of the study area. The samples were analyzed according to the standard water and wastewater tests and ion chromatography methods.
Results: The results showed that the quality characteristics of drinking water in the water supply systems of the studied area are within the normal range and in accordance with the standard. Drinking water is classified as hard water in Damavand city. Perchlorate concentration of drinking water was detected to be 0.002 - 0.009 mg/liter.
Conclusion: The concentration of perchlorate in the drinking water of the study area is according to the guidelines of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and does not threaten consumers’ health.
Methods: 238 samples were collected from the water supply network of the study area. The samples were analyzed according to the standard water and wastewater tests and ion chromatography methods.
Results: The results showed that the quality characteristics of drinking water in the water supply systems of the studied area are within the normal range and in accordance with the standard. Drinking water is classified as hard water in Damavand city. Perchlorate concentration of drinking water was detected to be 0.002 - 0.009 mg/liter.
Conclusion: The concentration of perchlorate in the drinking water of the study area is according to the guidelines of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and does not threaten consumers’ health.
Keywords: Perchlorate, Drinking Water, Infant Hypothyroidism, Damavand, Fertilizers and chemical poisons
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
Environmental Health, Sciences, and Engineering
Received: 2022/06/29 | Accepted: 2022/08/29 | Published: 2022/09/19
Received: 2022/06/29 | Accepted: 2022/08/29 | Published: 2022/09/19
References
1. Khomeri AA, Dehghani Q, Mohsen Alijani E, Kamani H. Investigation of the Concentration of Suspended Particles Caused by Dust Storms and its Relationship with Interleukin 6 in Healthy People of Zahedan City. Journal of Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences. 2019; 8(1) (. (In Persian).
2. Urbansky ET, Schock MR. Issues in Managing the Risks Associated with Perchlorate in Drinking Water. Journal of Environmental Management. 1999; 56(2): 79-95. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
3. Dasgupta PK, Martinelango PK, Jackson WA, Anderson TA, Tian K, Tock RW, Rajagopalan S. The Origin of Naturally Occurring Perchlorate: the Role of Atmospheric Processes. Environmental Science & Technology. 2005; 39(6): 1569-75. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
4. Her N, Jeong H, Kim J, Yoon Y. Occurrence of Perchlorate in Drinking Water and Seawater in South Korea. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011; 61:166-72. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
5. Makris KC, Sarkar D, Datta R. Aluminum-Based Drinking-Water Treatment Residuals: A Novel Sorbent for Perchlorate Removal. Environmental Pollution. 2006; 140: 9-12. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
6. Smith PN, Yu L, McMurry ST, Anderson TA. Perchlorate in water, soil, vegetation, and rodents collected from the Las Vegas Wash, Nevada, USA. Environmental Pollution. 2004; 132(1): 121-7. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
7. Brausch JM, Wages M, Shannahan RD, Perry G, Anderson TA, Maul JD, et al. Surface Water Mitigates the Anti-Metamorphic Effects of Perchlorate in New Mexico Spadefoot Toads (Spea Multiplicata) and African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus Laevis). Chemosphere. 2010; 78(3): 280-5. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
8. Amin MM, Giahi M, Mansourian M. Determination of Perchlorate Concentration in Water and Surface Soil of War Zones (Case Study: Khorramshahr City). Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2016; 8(4): 411-22. (In Persian). [Google Scholar]
9. Srinivasan R, Sorial G. Treatment of Perchlorate in Drinking Water: A Critical Review. Separation and Purification Technology. 2009; 69(1): 7-21. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
10. Cao F, Jaunat J, Sturchio N, Cances B, Morvan X, Devos A, et al. Worldwide Occurrence and Origin of Perchlorate Ion in Waters: A Review. Science of the Total Environment. 2019; 661: 737-49. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
11. Stetson SJ, Wanty RB, Helsel DR, Kalkhoff SJ, Macalady DL. Stability of Low Levels of Perchlorate in Drinking Water and Natural Water Samples. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2006; 567(1): 108-13. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
12. Tikkanen MW. Development of a Drinking Water Regulation for Perchlorate in California. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2006; 567(1): 20-5. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
13. Bannerman DD, Paape MJ, Baldwin RL VI, Rice CP, Bialek K, Capuco AV. Effect of Mastitis on Milk Perchlorate Concentrations in Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 2006; 89(8): 3011-9. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
14. Xionga Zh, Zhaoa D, Pan G. Rapid and Complete Destruction of Perchlorate in Water and Ion-Exchange Brine Using Stabilized Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles. Water Research. 2007; 41(15): 3497-505. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
15. The Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council Perchlorate Team. Perchlorate: Overview of Issues, Status, and Remedial Options. Washington, DC: Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council, Perchlorate Team. 2005. [Article]
16. Kargar M, Jahed khaniki Gh. Perchlorate as an Environmental Pollutant in Water and Food and its Health and Environmental Effects. Tehran, Iran. 2018; 12. (In Persian). [Article]
17. Health and Ecological Criteria Division Office of Science and Technology Office of Water U.SS Environmental Protection Agency. Interim Drinking Water Health Advisory for Perchlorate. Washington, DC: 20460. 2008.
18. Kosaka K, Asami M, Matsuoka Y, Kamoshita M, Kunikane Sh. Occurrence of Perchlorate in Drinking Water Sources of Metropolitan Area in Japan. Water Research. 2007; 41(15): 3474-82. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
19. Urbansky ET. Perchlorate as an Environmental Contaminant. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2002; 9(3): 187-92. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
20. Goebel C, Kruse MB, Engel A, Lamm SH. On the Use of Human Data in Assessing Effects on Human Health: the Case of Perchlorate. Annals of Epidemiology. 2004; 14(8): 607. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
21. Minicozzi MR, Von Hippel FA, Furin C, Loren Buck C. Sodium Perchlorate Induces Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Developing Stickleback. Environmental Pollution. 2019; 251: 390-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
22. Ting D, Howd RA, Fan AM, Alexeeff GV. Development of a Health-Protective Drinking Water Level for Perchlorate. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2006; 114(6): 881-6. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
23. Li Y, George EJ. Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Perchlorate in water. Journal of Chromatography A. 2006; 1133(1-2): 215-20. [Crossref] [PubMed]
24. Zhu Y, Gao N, Chu W, Wang S, Xu J. Bacterial Reduction of Highly Concentrated Perchlorate: Kinetics and Influence of Co-Existing Electron Acceptors, Temperature, Ph and Electron Donors. Chemosphere. 2016; 148: 188-94. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
25. Yar Ahmadi S, Ajang N. National Screening Program for Hypothyroidism in Newborns. 2017. (In Persian). [Article]
26. East Water and Wastewater Company of Tehran Province. The Second Step - Describing the System Based on Step-by-Step Risk Management (Report on Studies of the Current Situation of Damavand Water Supply Unit), Iran. 2017. (In Persian).
27. Baird RB, Eaton AD, Rice EW. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation. 2017. [Google Scholar]
28. Hedrick E, Behymer T, Slingsby R, Munch D. Method 332.0. Determination Of Perchlorate In Drinking Water By Ion Chromatography With Suppressed Conductivity And Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2005. [Article]
29. Vanatta LE, Slingsby RW. United States Environmental Protection Agency Perchlorate Method 332.0. Statistically Sound Recovery Studies in Simulated Drinking Water. Journal of Chromatographic Science. 2011; 49(8): 570-2. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
30. Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Drinking Water-Physical and Chemical Specifications-ISIRI 1053 5th Revision, Iran. 2009. (In Persian). [Article]
31. Torabian A, Shahavi S. Studying Iranian Drinking Water Quality Guidelines Compared to the Authentic World Standards. Journal of Water & Wastewater Science & Engineering (Jwwse). 2017; 2(2): 3-13. (In Persian). [Google Scholar]
32. Bardiya N, Bae JH. Dissimilatory Perchlorate Reduction: A Review. Microbiological Research. 2011; 166(4): 237-54. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
33. Iannece P, Motta O, Tedesco R, Carotenuto M, Proto A. Determination of Perchlorate in Bottled Water from Italy. Water. 2013; 5(2): 767-79. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
34. Ebadzadeh H, Ahmadi K, Mohammadnia Afroozi S, Abbas Taleghani R, Abbasi M, Yari SH. Agricultural Statistics, Iran: Ministry of Agri-Culture Jihad. 2019. (In Persian).
35. Ebadzadeh H, Ahmadi K, Mohammadnia Afroozi S, Abbas Taleghani R, Hooseinpor R, Yari SH, et al. Agricultural Statistics, Iran: Ministry of Agri-culture Jihad. 2020. (In Persian).
36. Peikani S, Nasiri N, Yaghoobi H, Bastam D, Doost mohammadi F, Vahedian Shahroodi M. The Prevalence of Congenital Hypothyroidism in Newborns Referred to Shahid-Ghodsi Health Center, Mashhad, Iran. Scientific Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research. 2019; 16(4): 363-72. (In Persian). [Google Scholar]
37. Amiri GF, Sharifi H, Ghorbani AE, Mirrashidi FS, Mirzaee M, Nasiri N. Prevalence of Congenital Hypothyroidism and Some Related Factors in Newborn Infants in Southern Kerman from April to March 2009. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology. 2019; 15(2): 188-94. (In Persian). [Google Scholar]
38. Javidi A, Rafiei N, Amin MM, Hovsepian S, Hashemipour M, Kelishadi R, et al. The Relationship between Perchlorate in Drinking Water and Cord Blood Thyroid Hormones: First Experience from Iran. International Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2015; 17(6): 1-5. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
39. Nizinski P, Blazewicz A, Konczyk J, Michalski R. Perchlorate-Properties, Toxicity and Human Health Effects: an Updated Review. Reviews on Environmental Health. 2020; 36(2): 199-222. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
© 2024 The Author(s)
