Thu, Nov 21, 2024
[Archive]
.png)
Volume 8, Issue 1 (3-2022)
jhehp 2022, 8(1): 10-14 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Okey-kalu E U, Nwankwo E, James Onyekwere J, Kalu M. Antibiogram and Plasmid Profile of Bacterial Isolates from Intensive Care Units in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Umuahia. jhehp 2022; 8 (1) :10-14
URL: http://jhehp.zums.ac.ir/article-1-458-en.html
URL: http://jhehp.zums.ac.ir/article-1-458-en.html
1- Department of Microbiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Abia State Nigeria.
Abstract: (4272 Views)
Background: This study evaluated the bacterial contamination and the antibiogram of bacterial isolates in Intensive Care Units in Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia.
Methods: Sterile swab sticks moistened with sterile water were used to swab the surfaces of the fomites, hands and anterior nares of healthcare workers and the samples were sent to the laboratory for analysis. Plasmid preparations was done with a QIAprep Spin Plasmid Kit. Antibiotic discs of prior resistance were aseptically introduced into the Muller Hinton agar plates, ensuring that the discs made appropriate contact with the surface of the agar. These were incubated for 24 hrs at 37ºC after which plates were examined for cured colonies.
Results: The common bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, 39(43.2%), Escherichia coli, 16(17.9%), Pseudomonas spp, 10(11.2%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, 7(7.8%). Antibiotic sensitivity of the bacterial isolates was carried out using the disc diffusion method. Gram-negative bacterial isolates were more sensitive to Ofloxacin, Peflacine, Ciprofloxacin, and Streptomycin. Gram-positive bacterial isolates were more sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Rifampicin, Erythromycin, and Levofloxacin. However, Enterobacter spp. and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci were resistant to the drugs. The biofilm formation potential was observed in 41(46.0%) bacterial isolates. Extended Spectrum Lactamase (ESBL) producers among E. coli isolates was 56.2%, while Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas spp. isolates were 33.3% and 40%, respectively, Plasmid profile was carried out on some of the bacterial isolates. Six E. coli isolates had plasmid size between 50-400 base pair; five S. aureus isolates had plasmid size between 35-150 base pair, two Proteus spp. and two Pseudomonas spp. isolates had no plasmid.
Conclusion: This study revealed the resistance of bacterial isolates after currying.
Methods: Sterile swab sticks moistened with sterile water were used to swab the surfaces of the fomites, hands and anterior nares of healthcare workers and the samples were sent to the laboratory for analysis. Plasmid preparations was done with a QIAprep Spin Plasmid Kit. Antibiotic discs of prior resistance were aseptically introduced into the Muller Hinton agar plates, ensuring that the discs made appropriate contact with the surface of the agar. These were incubated for 24 hrs at 37ºC after which plates were examined for cured colonies.
Results: The common bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, 39(43.2%), Escherichia coli, 16(17.9%), Pseudomonas spp, 10(11.2%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, 7(7.8%). Antibiotic sensitivity of the bacterial isolates was carried out using the disc diffusion method. Gram-negative bacterial isolates were more sensitive to Ofloxacin, Peflacine, Ciprofloxacin, and Streptomycin. Gram-positive bacterial isolates were more sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Rifampicin, Erythromycin, and Levofloxacin. However, Enterobacter spp. and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci were resistant to the drugs. The biofilm formation potential was observed in 41(46.0%) bacterial isolates. Extended Spectrum Lactamase (ESBL) producers among E. coli isolates was 56.2%, while Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas spp. isolates were 33.3% and 40%, respectively, Plasmid profile was carried out on some of the bacterial isolates. Six E. coli isolates had plasmid size between 50-400 base pair; five S. aureus isolates had plasmid size between 35-150 base pair, two Proteus spp. and two Pseudomonas spp. isolates had no plasmid.
Conclusion: This study revealed the resistance of bacterial isolates after currying.
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
Environmental Health, Sciences, and Engineering
Received: 2021/11/6 | Accepted: 2022/01/4 | Published: 2022/03/16
Received: 2021/11/6 | Accepted: 2022/01/4 | Published: 2022/03/16
References
1. World Health Organization. Health Care Associated Infections FactSheet. WHO. 2011.
2. Tutuncu EE, Gurbuz Y, Sencan I, Ozturk B, Senturk GC, Kilic AU. Device-Associated Infection Rates and Bacterial Resistance in the Intensive Care Units of a Turkish Referral Hospital. Saudi Med J. 2011; 32: 489-944. [Google Scholar]
3. Byrns G, Fuller TP. The Risks and Benefits of Chemical Fumigation in the Health Care Environment. J Occup Environ Hygiene. 2011; 8: 104-12. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
4. Dancer SJ. Importance of the Environment in Meticillinresistant Staphylococcus Aureus Acquisition: the Case for Hospital Cleaning. Lancet, Infect Dis. 2008; 8(2): 101–13. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
5. Angadi KM, Misra R, Gupta U, Jadhav S, Sardar M. Study on the Role of Mobile Phones in the Transmission of Hospital Acquired Infections. Med J DY Patil Univ. 2014; 7(4): 435-38. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
6. Gupta A, Anand AC, Chamber SK, Sashindran VK, Patrikar SR. Impact of Protective Footwear on Floor and Air Contamination of Intensive Care Units. Med J Armed Forces India. 2007; 63: 334-6. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
7. Singh D, Kaur H, Hardner GW, Treen BL. Bacterial Contamination of Hospital Pagers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2002; 23: 274-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
8. Willey JM, Sherwood LM, Woolverton CJ. Prescott, Harley and Klein’s Microbiology. 7th Edition. Mc Graw Hill Companies, New York, USA; 2008. [Article]
9. Cheesbrough M. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries ELBS Edition. University Cambridge; 2006. p.143-57. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
10. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-First Informational Supplement. CLSI document M100-S21. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute: Wayne, PA. 2011; 31(1). [Article]
11. Appuhamy S, Low JC, Coote JG, Parton R. PCR Methods and Plasmid Profile Analysis for Characterization of Histophilus Ovis Strains. J Med Microbiol. 1998; 47: 987-92. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
12. Raghada SM, Munera CI, Ayad MAF. Detection of Plasmid DNA Profile in Bacterial and Fungal Isolates from Catheterizeds Patients and Its Relation with Antibiotic Susceptibility. J Biotechnol Rese Center. 2013; 7(2): 52-62. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
13. Vincent JL, Rello J, Marshall J, Silva E, Anzueto A, Martin C.D. International Study of the Prevalence and Outcomes of Infection in Intensive Care Units. J Am Med Assoc. 2009; 302(21): 23-9. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
14. Huang SS, Datta R, Platt R. Risk of Acquiring Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria from Prior Room ,Occupants. Arch Intern Med J. 2006; 166(18): 1945-51. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
15. Galvin S, Dolan A, Cahill O, Daniels S, Humphreys H. Microbial Monitoring of the Hospital Environment: Why and How? J Hosp Infect. 2012; 82(3): 143-51. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
16. Abubakar SA, Mohammed MB, Habiba JB, Yusuf ST, Goni BW, Josiah D. Spectrum of Bacterial Isolates among Intensive Care Units Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Northeastern Nigeria. Indian J Sci Resour Technol. 2014; 2(6): 42-7. [Google Scholar]
17. Montero JG, Lerma FÁ, Galleymore PR, Martínez MP, Rocha LÁ, Gaite FB. Combatting Resistance in Intensive care: the Multimodal Approach of the Spanish ICU “Zero Resistance” Program. Crit Care J. 2015; 19(1): 1-8. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
18. Darge A, Kahsay AG, Hailekiros H. Bacterial Contamination and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Intensive Care Units Medical Equipment and Inanimate Surfaces at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2019; 12(1): 1-8. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
19. Nazar EN, Ali TA, Saad LH. Bacterial Contamination in Intensive Care Unit at Al- imam Al- Hussein Hospital in Thi- qar Province in Iraq. Glob J Health Sci. 2013; 5(1): 143-49. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
20. Gordon RJ, Lowy F D. Pathogenesis of methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2008; 46(1): 5350-9. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
21. Onyedibe KI, Fidelia BT, Tolulope OA, Mark OO, Edmund B. Bacteriologic Profile, Antibiotic Regimen and Clinical Outcome of Neonatal Sepsis in a University Teaching Hospital in North Central Nigeria. Br J Med Med Res. 2015; 7(7): 567-79 [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
22. Jibrin B, Yusuf OK, Okwong AM, Kadas S, Adamu B. Bacterial Contamination of Intensive Care Units at a Tertiary Hospital in Bauchi, Northeastern, Nigeria. Am J Intern Med. 2017; 5(3); 46-51. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
23. Zaman MA, Pasha MH, Akhter MZ. Plasmid Curing of Escherichia Coli Cells with Ethidium Bromide, Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate and Acridine Orange. Banglad J Microbiol. 2010; 27(1): 28-31. [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
© 2024 The Author(s)
