Volume 1, Issue 4 (9-2016)                   jhehp 2016, 1(4): 237-245 | Back to browse issues page

XML Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Khazaee-Pool M, Zarei F. Women Opiate Users' perception toward MMT;A Qualitative Study in Iran. jhehp 2016; 1 (4) :237-245
URL: http://jhehp.zums.ac.ir/article-1-71-en.html
Women Opiate Users' perception toward MMT;A Qualitative Study in Iran
Maryam Khazaee-Pool1 , Fatemeh Zarei *1
1- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Abstract:   (10483 Views)

Background; Methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is an evidence-based approach for opiate addiction treatment. While its effectiveness in reducing opiate use has been evidently verified, unanswered questions with respect to the cultural scenarios for MMT programs remain unanswered. This study was conducted to explore understanding address MMT initiation among a women-recruited sample of persons who use Opiate.
Methods; Qualitative in-depth interviews were used in purposeful and maximum variation sampling. All participants recruited for interview in 60-90 minutes were 17 women with opiate addiction experience from three MMT clinics in Sari capital city of Mazandaran, Iran. We applied a content analysis with a conventional approach for analyzing and finding addicted women perception towards MMT.
Results; To answer the main concern of the research team about how Iranian Opiate- addicted women perceived the MMT. The results were categorized into six main themes including Service Providers’ Support, Stigma in Society, Fear of Rejection, Long waiting time, Family Support, and Methadone’ Side Effects.
Conclusion; The results revealed that there are several perceived reasons beyond personal and psychological factors. The contextual experience acts as important cues that might encourage or deter drug users toward MMT.

Keywords: Methadone maintenance therapy, Women's perception, Opiate users
Full-Text [PDF 642 kb]   (8512 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Original Article | Subject: Health Promotion
Received: 2016/06/26 | Accepted: 2016/08/28 | Published: 2016/09/20
References
1. Faggiano F, Vigna-Taglianti F, Versino E, Lemma P. Methadone Maintenance at Different Dosages for Opioid Dependence. Cochrane Libr. 2003. [Crossref]
2. Mattick RP, Breen C, Kimber J, Davoli M. Methadone Maintenance Therapy versus no Opioid Replacement Therapy for Opioid Dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009; 3(3). [Crossref]
3. Chatham LR, Hiller ML, Rowan-Szal GA, W.Joe G, Simpson DD. Gender Differences at Admission and Follow-up in a Sample of Methadone Maintenance Clients. Subst Use Misuse. 1999; 34(8): 1137-65. [Crossref]
4. Craddock SG, Rounds-Bryant JL, Flynn PM, Hubbard RL. Characteristics and Pretreatment Behaviors of Clients Entering Drug Abuse Treatment: 1969 to 1993. Am J Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 1997; 23(1): 43-59. [Crossref]
5. Khazaee-pool M, Moridi M, Ponnet K, Turner N. Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Time to Relapse Questionnaire (TRQ) in Substance Use Disorder. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse.2016: 1-7. [Crossref]
6. Lin HC, Chang YP, Wang PW, Wu HC, Yen CN, Yen YC, et al. Gender Differences in Heroin Users Receiving Methadone Maintenance Therapy in Taiwan. J Addict Dis. 2013; 32(2): 140-9. [Crossref]
7. Bobrova N, Rughnikov U, Neifeld E, Rhodes T, Alcorn R, Kirichenko S, et al. Challenges in Providing Drug User Treatment Services in Russia: Providers' Views. Subst Use Misuse2008; 43(12-13): 1770-84. [Crossref]
8. Sarang A, Stuikyte R, Bykov R. Implementation of Harm Reduction in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Int J Drug Policy. 2007; 18(2): 129-35. [Crossref]
9. Bach P, Milloy MJ, Nguyen P, Koehn J, Guillemi S, Kerr T, et al . Gender Differences in Access to Methadone Maintenance Therapy in a Canadian Setting. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2015; 34(5): 503-7. [Crossref]
10. Deck D, Carlson MJ. Retention in Publicly Funded Methadone Maintenance Treatment in Two Western States. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2005; 32(1): 43-60. [Crossref]
11. Kelly SM, O'Grady KE, Mitchell SG, Brown BS, Schwartz RP. Predictors of Methadone Treatment Retention from a Multi-site Study: A Survival Analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011; 117(2): 170-5. [Crossref]
12. Mullen L, Barry J, Long J, Keenan E, Mulholland D, Grogan L, et al. A National Study of the Retention of Irish Opiate Users in Methadone Substitution Treatment. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2012; 38(6): 551-8. [Crossref]
13. Baghdadi G. Gender and Medicines: An International Public Health Perspective. J Womens Health. 2005; 14(1): 82-6. [Crossref]
14. Carter A, Min JE, Chau W, Lima VD, Kestler M, PickN, et al. Gender Inequities in Quality of Care among HIV-Positive Individuals Initiating Antiretroviral Treatment in British Columbia, Canada (2000–2010). PloS One. 2014; 9(3): 92334. [Crossref]
15. Thomson S. Sample Size and Grounded Theory. J Adm Gov. 2011; 5(1): 45-52.
16. Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative Content Analysis in Nursing Research: Concepts, Procedures and Measures to Achieve Trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today. 2004; 24(2): 105-12. [Crossref]
17. Nguyen NB. Facilitators of and Barriers to Methadone Maintenance Treatment Enrollment among Opioid Injecting Drug Users in Hai Phong, Vietnam, 2011. ProQuest. 2013.
18. Ajzen I. Theory of Planned Behavior. Handb Theor Soc Psychol Vol One. 2011; 1(2011): 438.
19. Lin C, Wu Z, Detels R. Opiate Users’ Perceived Barriers against Attending Methadone Maintenance Therapy: A Qualitative Study in China. J Subst Use Misuse. 2011; 46(9): 1190-8. [Crossref]
20. Wu F, Peng CY, Jiang H, Zhang R, Zhao M, Li J, et al. Methadone Maintenance Treatment in China: Perceived Challenges from the Perspectives of Service Providers and Patients. J Public Health. 2012: 79.
21. Xu H, Gu J, Lau JTF, Zhong Y, Fan L, ZhaoY, et al. Misconceptions toward methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and associated factors among new MMT users in Guangzhou, China. Addict Behav. 2012; 37(5): 657-6. [Crossref]
22. Zaller ND, Bazazi AR, Velazquez L, Rich JD. Attitudes toward Methadone among Out-of-Treatment Minority Injection Drug Users: Implications for Health Disparities. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2009; 6(2): 787-10. [Crossref]
23. Gerra G, Saenz E, Busse A, Maremmani I, Ciccocioppo R, Zaimovic A. Supervised Daily Consumption, Contingent Take-Home Incentive and Non-Contingent Take-Home in Methadone Maintenance. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2011; 35(2): 483-6. [Crossref]
24. Nguyen T, NguyenLT, Pham MD, Vu HH, Mulvey KP. Methadone Maintenance Therapy in Vietnam: An Overview and Scaling-up Plan. Adv Prev Med. 2012; 2012.
Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2024 The Author(s)

© 2025 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb