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Volume 12, Issue 2 (4-2026)
jhehp 2026, 12(2): 150-158 |
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Abdolmohammadi M, Farahmandkia Z, Behroozi A, Pourali Moghanlou B, Mohammadian Fazli M. Volatile Organic Compounds Exposure and Monte Carlo Cancer Risk Assessment in Zanjan Beauty Salons, Iran. jhehp 2026; 12 (2) :150-158
URL: http://jhehp.zums.ac.ir/article-1-733-en.html
URL: http://jhehp.zums.ac.ir/article-1-733-en.html
Mahnaz Abdolmohammadi1 
, Zohre Farahmandkia1 , Ali Behroozi2 , Behnam Pourali Moghanlou3 , Mehran Mohammadian Fazli *4
, Zohre Farahmandkia1 , Ali Behroozi2 , Behnam Pourali Moghanlou3 , Mehran Mohammadian Fazli *4
1- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
2- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
3- Department of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
4- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health and Metabolic Diseases Research Institute, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
2- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
3- Department of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
4- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health and Metabolic Diseases Research Institute, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Abstract: (292 Views)
Background: The use of cosmetic products in beauty salons leads to the emission of chemical pollutants, exposing staff to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study examines the VOCs concentration and their influencing factors within Zanjan beauty salons in 2023.
Methods: This study investigated thirty beauty salons in Zanjan across different seasons. VOCs were measured using the PhoCheck Tiger device. Subsequently, the collected data were analyzed with SPSS statistical software version 26 compared to Iranian and OEHHA occupational limits, and incorporated into assessments of respiratory risk and cancer risk via Monte Carlo simulation.
Results: VOC concentrations were found to be influenced by the type of services provided and the operation of air conditioning systems. While the non-carcinogenic risk assessment showed levels within a safe range of risk, the carcinogenic risk of benzene was considered unacceptable.
Conclusion: Although the average concentration of VOCs in Zanjan’s beauty salons is below the permissible occupational exposure limits, the instantaneous nature of these measurements provides an indicative overview rather than a definite comparison. Crucially, the benzene cancer risk assessment, informed by Monte Carlo simulations, demonstrates a significant carcinogenic risk to workers. This underscores the essential need for targeted training and vigilant monitoring of health guideline compliance to protect the well-being of staff and patrons.
Conclusion: Although the average concentration of VOCs in Zanjan’s beauty salons is below the permissible occupational exposure limits, the instantaneous nature of these measurements provides an indicative overview rather than a definite comparison. Crucially, the benzene cancer risk assessment, informed by Monte Carlo simulations, demonstrates a significant carcinogenic risk to workers. This underscores the essential need for targeted training and vigilant monitoring of health guideline compliance to protect the well-being of staff and patrons.
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
Environmental Health, Sciences, and Engineering
Received: 2025/11/30 | Accepted: 2026/02/7 | Published: 2026/04/1
Received: 2025/11/30 | Accepted: 2026/02/7 | Published: 2026/04/1
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