en Environmental Health, Sciences, and Engineering Environmental Health, Sciences, and Engineering پژوهشي Original Article <div><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="line-height:107%"><b><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="color:black">Background:</span></span></span></b><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:107%"> <span style="color:black">The environment is closely related to the interests of society, including health and hygiene, whose protection depends on public participation. </span>It is only through support and involvement<span style="color:black"> that effective outcomes can be achieved in environmental management.</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="color:black">The purpose of this research was to identify the effective components and indicators of public participation in the protection of the urban environment.</span></span></span><br> <span style="line-height:107%"><b><span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">Methods:</span></span></b><span style="background:white"> <span style="color:black">The current research was of qualitative type in terms of data collection. First, purposeful sampling was used to select participants, and the interview process began with both theoretical and experimental experts. The interviews continued until a comprehensive understanding and description of the components and indicators were achieved and until theoretical saturation was reached.</span> <span style="color:black">During the interviews, the information was carefully reviewed and categorized. Then, the identified items were reviewed, revised, and duplicates were excluded. Finally, the dimensions of the topic were determined, and a framework of components and indicators was presented.</span></span><br> <b><span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">Results: </span></span></b><span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">The results of the study revealed three overarching themes, 13 organizing themes, and 71 basic themes that impact public participation in urban environmental protection.</span></span><span style="background:white"> <span style="color:black">The components identified in the study included &quot;influential factors&quot;, such as </span>social<span style="color:black"> trust, sense of social belonging, social responsibility, personality traits, context and the possibility of participation, motivation to participate, knowledge, and awareness. The study also identified &quot;constraints&quot;, including sociocultural, structural-legal, economic, and executive constraints. Additionally, the study found that public participation in environmental protection was a key category that emerged from the findings.</span></span><br> <b><span style="color:black">Conclusion:</span></b> <span style="color:black">Based on our findings, the identified themes can be incorporated into the development and assessment of collaborative programs and activities aimed at promoting sustainable development in the field of urban environment.</span></span></span></span></span></div> Participation, Environmental protection, Sustainable development, Iran, 159 167 http://jhehp.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-584-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Zahra Tehraei Nasrabadi zahra_tehraei@yahoo.com 100319475328460013411 0009000329959565 No Department of Environment, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran. Saeed Motahari smotahari@riau.ac.ir 100319475328460013412 0000000339268971 Yes Department of Environment, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran. Maryam Farahani mfarahani@riau.ac.ir 100319475328460013413 0000000321717732 No Department of Environment, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran. Bita Azadbakht bita_azadbakht@yaoo.com 100319475328460013414 000000019267902x No Department of Environment, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran.