en Public Health Public Health پژوهشي Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Background:</strong> Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents cause numerous issues in adulthood. Epidemiological data could provide a broad understanding of such issues. However, data are scarce regarding the prevalence of these disorders in Iran. The present study aimed to provide detailed evidence on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents aged 6-18 years in Zanjan province, Iran during November-February 2016.<br> <strong>Methods:</strong> In this cross-sectional study, 1,039 children and adolescents were selected via multistage cluster random sampling. Data were collected by<br> face-to-face household surveys using the Persian version of kiddie schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia-present and lifetime version.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> The overall prevalence of mental disorders in the children and adolescents in Zanjan was 10.6%. Enuresis (4.8%) was the most common psychiatric issue, followed by anxiety disorders (4.5%), behavioral disorders (3.8%), and neurodevelopmental disorders (1.5%), while mood disorders (0.4%) had the lowest prevalence. Moreover, the children in the rural areas were 1.73 times more likely to develop psychiatric disorders compared to their urban peers.<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the results, approximately 18% of the children and adolescents in Zanjan had at least one psychiatric disorder. Our findings could lay the basis for further research and preventive/therapeutic interventions in this regard.</span></span></div> Prevalence, Psychiatric disorders, Children, Adolescents, K-SADS-PL, 177 182 http://jhehp.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-387-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Alireza Armani Kian Dr.Armmani@gmail.com 100319475328460010499 100319475328460010499 No Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. Mohammadreza Mohammadi mohammadimr@tums.ac.ir 100319475328460010500 100319475328460010500 No Psychiatric and Psychological Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Nastaran Ahmadi Ahmadi.psy@gmail.com 100319475328460010501 100319475328460010501 No Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Zahra Hooshyari zahrahooshyari@gmail.com 100319475328460010502 100319475328460010502 No Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Roya Ahmadizadeh Ahmadizadeh1390@gmail.com 100319475328460010503 100319475328460010503 Yes Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.