en Environmental Health, Sciences, and Engineering Environmental Health, Sciences, and Engineering پژوهشي Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;"><strong>Background:</strong> The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of PGPR and AMF on the changes in sorghum phytoremediation efficiency in the soil amended with lead (Pb)-polluted cow manure.<span dir="RTL"></span><br> <strong>Methods:</strong> Treatments consisted of applying two rates of Pb [0 (Pb₀) and 800 (Pb₈₀₀) mg/kg] polluted cow manure [0 (C₀) and 30 (C₃₀) t/ha], two levels of AMF [without&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (AMF-) and with (AMF+)] and PGPR (without (PGPR-) and with (PGPR+) inoculation. Pseudomonas sp. R9 was considered as a PGPR bacteria. The plant used in this experiment was sorghum. Plant Pb concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy.<span dir="RTL"></span><br> <strong>Results:</strong> The highest plant Pb concentration belonged to the cultivated plant in the soil treated with 30 t/ha Pb-polluted cow manure, while the lowest that was observed in the soil without amending cow manure in the absence of PGPR or AMF. The presence of AMF significantly increased the Pb translocation value and sorghum phytoremediation efficiency by 8% and 13.4%, respectively.<span dir="RTL"></span><br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the results, the inoculated plant with PGPR and AMF had positive effects on increasing Pb phytoremediation efficiency that, which is notable in environmental studies. However, the effects of soil chemical properties on Pb phytoremediation efficiency cannot be overlooked.</span></span></div> Lead, Phytoremediation, Pollution, Environmental studies 153 159 http://jhehp.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-230-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Amir Hossein Baghaie a-baghaie@iau-arak.ac.ir 10031947532846009765 10031947532846009765 Yes Department of Soil Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran. Aminollah Aghilizefreei 10031947532846009766 10031947532846009766 No Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.