en Environmental Health, Sciences, and Engineering Environmental Health, Sciences, and Engineering پژوهشي Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="line-height:1;"><b>Background:</b> The use of cosmetic products in beauty salons leads to the emission of chemical pollutants, exposing staff to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study examines the VOCs concentration and their influencing factors within Zanjan beauty salons in 2023.<br> <b>Methods:</b> This study investigated thirty beauty salons in Zanjan across different seasons. VOCs were measured using the PhoCheck Tiger device. Subsequently, the collected data were analyzed with SPSS, compared to Iranian and OEHHA occupational limits, and incorporated into assessments of respiratory risk and cancer risk via Monte Carlo simulation.<br> <b>Results:</b> VOC concentrations were found to be influenced by the type of services provided and the operation of air conditioning systems. While the non-carcinogenic risk assessment showed levels within a safe range of risk, the carcinogenic risk of benzene was considered unacceptable.<br> <b>Conclusion: </b>Although the average concentration of VOCs in Zanjan&rsquo;s beauty salons is below the permissible occupational exposure limits, the instantaneous nature of these measurements provides an indicative overview rather than a definite comparison. Crucially, the benzene cancer risk assessment, informed by Monte Carlo simulations, demonstrates a significant carcinogenic risk to workers. This underscores the essential need for targeted training and vigilant monitoring of health guideline compliance to protect the well-being of staff and patrons.</span></span></span></div> Volatile Organic Compounds, Indoor air pollution, Beauty Salons, Zanjan, 0 0 http://jhehp.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-41-4&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mahnaz Abdolmohammadi mohammadimahnaz2@gmail.com 100319475328460016415 0009-0004-0283-0478 No Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. Zohre Farahmandkia zfarahmand@zums.ac.ir 100319475328460016416 100319475328460016416 No Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. Ali Behroozi abehroozy@zums.ac.ir 100319475328460016417 100319475328460016417 No Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. Behnam Pourali Moghanlou Pouralibehnam02@gmail.com 100319475328460016418 0009-0002-9398-0257 No Department of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Mehran Mohammadian Fazli mhrnmoh@zums.ac.ir 100319475328460016419 100319475328460016419 Yes Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health and Metabolic Diseases Research Institute, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.