en Environmental Health, Sciences, and Engineering Environmental Health, Sciences, and Engineering پژوهشي Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Background:&nbsp;</strong>Today, one of the environmental problems in the world is pharmaceutical waste, which has the potential to be hazardous, toxic, and pathogenic with a long half-life and cumulative properties.<br> This study aimed to develop and validate a tool to measure knowledge, attitude, and behavior of household pharmaceutical waste disposal in urban households.<br> <strong>Methods:</strong> The initial items of the questionnaire were developed based on existing guidelines, standards,literature, andexperts&#39; opinions. Content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were used to confirm the content validity of the tool. Item impact score was used to determine &nbsp;face validity. The internal consistency of the instrument was evaluated using &nbsp;Cronbach&#39;s alpha. Test-retest analysis was used for examining over time consistency. All the data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> Based on the results of CVI, CVR, and impact scores, 36 items remained. The tool&#39;s internal consistency and over time consistency were confirmed with Cronbach&#39;s alpha coefficient of 0.82 and correlation coefficient of 0.9, respectively.<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results indicated&nbsp; proper psychometric properties of the questionnaire and confirmed that it is valid for measuring urban households&#39; knowledge, attitude, and behavior about the disposal of pharmaceutical waste.</span></span></div> Attitude, Behavior, Knowledge, Pharmaceutical waste, 15 21 http://jhehp.zums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-44-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Samira Abbasi 100319475328460011745 100319475328460011745 No Department of Health Safety and Environmental Management (HSE), School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan-Iran. Gholamreza Sadeghi sadeghi.g@gmail.com 100319475328460011746 100319475328460011746 Yes Department of Environmental Health Engineering and Department of Health Safety and Environmental Management (HSE), School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan-Iran. Fatemeh Jafari fjafari@zums.ac.ir 100319475328460011747 100319475328460011747 No Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan-Iran.